CBSE Important Questions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6- Anatomy of Flowering Plant

Very Short Questions and Answers (1 Marks Questions)

1. Name the tissue represented by the jute fibers used for making the ropes.

Ans: Sclerenchyma is the tissue that is used for making ropes. 

2. Which kind of tools have polyarch vascular bundles?

Ans: The polyarch vascular bundles have Monocotyledonous roots.

3. What is heartwood?

Ans: It is the hard and central region of the tree trunk which is made up of xylem vessels.

4. State the role of pitch in the stem.

Ans: The role of Pith is to store food material.

5. Where are bulliform cells found in Leaves?

Ans: In leaves, bulliform cells are found in the upper epidermis of monocot leaves.

6. Which meristem does produce growth in length?

Ans: The meristem which produces growth in length is known as Primary meristem.

7. Which forms the cambial ring in a dicot stem during the secondary growth?

Ans: The cambial ring in a dicot stem during the secondary growth is formed by fascicular and interfascicular strips of the meristem.

8. Name the anatomical layer in the root from which the Lateral branches of root originate.

Ans: The lateral branches of the root originate from the Pericycle of the mature zone.

9. Which tissue of the leaf contains chloroplast?

Ans: Mesophyll tissue contains chloroplast. 

10. A plant tissue, when stained, showed the presence of hemicellulose and pectin in the cell wall of its cells. Name the tissue.

Ans: The tissue which showed the presence of hemicellulose and pectin in the cell is known as  Collenchyma.

11. Give the function of lenticels.

Ans: Lenticels permit the exchange of gases.

12. The vascular bundles are surrounded by a thick layer of cells. What is the name of the cells?

Ans: The vascular bundles are surrounded by a thick layer of cells called Bundle sheath cells.

13. Where are Casparian strips found? 

Ans: Casparian strip is  found in: Endodermis.

14.  Give the function of companion cells.

Ans: Maintain pressure gradient in sieve tubes.

15. Name two specialized kinds of parenchyma.

Ans: Two specialized kinds of parenchyma are: 

(i) Aerenchyma

(ii) Chlorenchyma.

16.  What is the function of companion cells in phloem?

Ans: Translocation of food material through sieve-tube members is done with the help of companion cells.

17.  Define meristem.

Ans: Meristem is a tissue found in plants. It is capable of dividing and giving rise to similar cells.

18.  When does a vascular bundle refer to as a closed bundle? 

Ans: Vascular bundles are referred to as closed bundles when cambium is absent. 

19. Name the aerating pores in the bark of stems.

Ans: Lenticels are the aerating pores in the bark of stems.

20.  What are sclereids?

Ans: These are hard, have thick walls, and are strongly lignified sclerenchyma cells.

21. Name the tissue represented by jute fibers used for making ropes? 

Ans: Sclerenchyma is the tissue used for making ropes. 

22.  Why are xylem & phloem called complex tissues?

Ans: Xylem and phloem are made up of more than one type of cell which works together as a unit, that's why these are called complex tissues. 

23. Name the types of wood in which vessels are absent.

Ans: Softwood like pinus is a type of wood in which vessels are absent.

25. What are the functions of tracheids?

Ans: 

(i) Tracheids help to transport water 

(ii) They provide mechanical support to the tree

Short Questions and Answers (2 Marks Questions)

1. Why is cambium considered to be lateral meristem?

Ans: Cambium is present along the lateral sides of the stem and roots that's why these are considered lateral meristem. Intrafascicular forms a ring called interstellar cambium is an example of the lateral meristem.

2. Give any four differences between tracheids and vessels.

Ans: The difference between tracheids and vessels: 

3. How do open vascular bundles differ from closed vascular bundles?

Ans: Open Vascular bundles:  In open vascular bundles cambium is present between the xylem and the phloem. It has the capability to form secondary xylem and phloem tissues.

Closed Vascular bundles: These in no presence of cambium in closed vascular bundles. Also, these are not capable of forming secondary xylem and phloem tissues.

4. What are trichomes? State their functions.

Ans: Trichomes are the epidermal hairs present on stems, seeds, or fruits. Trichomes help in the elimination of toxic substances. Also helps in excessive water loss by transpiration.

5. Given below are the various types of tissue and their functions. Which out of these is  not a matching pair and why:

(a) Collenchyma: provides mechanical support to the growing parts of plants. 

(b) Sclerenchyma: photosynthesis, storage, and secretion.

(c) Chlorenchyma: perform the function of photosynthesis. 

(d) Xylem: conduction of water and minerals.

Ans: Option (B)   Sclerenchyma: photosynthesis, storage, and secretion is not a matching pair. The function of the sclerenchyma is to provide mechanical support to the plant. 

6. Why is cambium considered to be a lateral meristem?

Ans:  Cambium is present along the lateral sides of the stem and roots that's why these are considered lateral meristem. Intrafascicular forms a ring called interstellar cambium is an example of the lateral meristem.

7. Mention four characteristics of sunflower's vascular bundles.

Ans:

(i) Both Xylem & phloem occur as alternate separate patches on different radii.

(ii) Xylem is an exarch

(iii) The number of xylem bundles is equivalent to the number of rays. 

(iv) Diarch, Triarch, tetrarch, pentarchy, hexarch & poly arch.

8. Differentiate between tracheids & vessels.

Ans: The difference between tracheids and vessels is:

10. Distinguish between collenchyma & sclerenchyma.

Ans: The difference between collenchyma and sclerenchyma is :

11. Why large numbers of stomata are seen on the lower surface of dicot leaves in terrestrial plants.

Ans:  In green aerial plants stomata are found in the epidermis but they are abundant on the lower surface of dicot leaves and are helpful in the regulation of the process of transpiration.  

12. What is a stomatal apparatus? Draw a well-labeled diagram of stomata.

Ans: Stomata is present on the surface of leaves. It helps to regulate transpiration in plants and also in the exchange for Gases. The guard cells also regulate the opening and closing of stomata. The stomatal apparatus consists of stomatal aperture, guard cells, and surrounding subsidiary cells. 

13. How can you identify a monocot stem and a dicot stem? Give reasons.

Ans: The vascular bundles are scattered Also there is no distinction between pitch & cortex. Cambium is absent.  Dicot stem shows epidermis, cortex & stele while vascular bundles are closed. Epidermis bears appendages-trichomes. The vascular bundles are arranged in rings and also they are open.

14. Differentiate between xylem & phloem.

Ans: The difference between xylem & phloem :

15. Draw a well-labeled diagram of T.S. of monocot stem.

Ans:

16. What is phellogen? What does it produce?

Ans: Phellogen is also known as cork cambium. It helps to protect the inner tissues in dicot stems and also it is developed from hypodermal cells. These cells are collenchymatous or even from epidermal cells near the cortex. Secondary tissues are produced by phellogen or cork cambium. These are more on the outer side than the inner side. (Not present in the current syllabus)

Long Questions and Answers (3 Marks Questions)

1. Differentiate between endarch and exarch conditions.

Ans: The difference between endarch and exarch conditions is: 

2. If you are provided with microscopic preparation of transverse sections of meristematic tissue and permanent tissue, how do you distinguish?

Ans: Meristematic tissues contain cells that can divide. These cells can exist in different shapes and also these cells don't have any intercellular space. The walls of these cells are thin and are rich in protoplasm,  vacuoles are absent.

Permanent tissues are obtained from meristematic tissue and contain cells that have a definite shape, size, and function. These cells can either have thin or thick walls. 

3. Differentiate between aerenchyma and collenchyma on the basis of their structure and function.

Ans: The difference between aerenchyma and collenchyma on the basis of their structure are:

4. Are there any tissue elements of phloem which are comparable to those of the xylem? Explain.

Ans: Tissue elements of phloem which are comparable to xylem :

 (a) Both sieve elements of phloem and vessel of the xylem lack nucleus.

 (b)  Both phloem and xylem fiber provide tensile strength to the tissue.

 (c) Phloem and xylem have living components called phloem parenchyma and xylem parenchyma. 

5. PaIm is a monocotyledonous plant, yet it increases in girth. How is it possible?

Ans:  Being a monocotyledonous plant, Palm still shows girth because of the division and the enlargement of the parenchymatous cells which are present in ground tissues. It helps in the girth of the stem and the growth is referred to as secondary growth.

6. Observe the figure and answer the following questions:

(i) Name parts (a)and(b)

(ii) Are those types of stomata observed in monocot or in dicot plants?

(iii) Which parts of the stomata constitute the stomata apparatus?   

Ans:

(i) Part a is epidermal cell and part b is  guard cell

(ii) These types of stomata are observed in dicot plants.

(iii) Stomata, aperture, guard cells, and the surrounding subsidiary cells are the constituents of the stomata apparatus. 

7. Explain the structure & function of collenchyma.

Ans: Collenchymas contain cells that are polygonal. The walls are unevenly thickened. It is a simple tissue. Cells are more or less elongated with the primary, non-lignified cell wall. The nature of wall thickening is primary and also it is composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses & pectin materials which have a very good percentage of water. At the corners or angles of the cells, the thickening may be primarily,. They are found mostly in the hypodermis of herbaceous dicots in the form of homogeneous layers or in the patches.

Function:- This tissue provides strength to the plant. They also provide support to the growing organs of the plants.

8. What are sieve elements? Explain their types & functions.

Ans: These are the parts of phloem. They are helpful in the conduction and translocation of food material. Sieve elements are of two types:-

(a) Sieve cells:- These are found in pteridophytes and gymnosperms. They have perforated cell walls. 

(b) Sieve tubes:-  These are found in angiosperms. A number of sieve cells are connected to each other giving rise to a channel. 

9. State the location & function of different types of meristems.

Ans: A meristem is a group of cells that divide continuously and thus they produce new cells on the basis of location & function, the following are the types of meristem:-

(a) Apical Meristem:- These are found at the apices of stems, roots & branches. The apices help in the growth of parts of the plant.

(b) Intercalary Meristem:- Intercalary meristem helps in the growth of the middle position of a plant. It is made up of meristematic cells which divide in the stem. 

(c) Lateral Meristems:- These are found along the side of the stem. These include cambium & cork cambium. Its function is to provide thickness to the plant.

10. Describe the internal structure of a dicot root.  

Ans: The dicot root have the following structures:-

(a) Epiblema:- It is also known as the piliferous layer. From the outside of the epiblema, unicellular roots extend. 

(b) Cortex:- It is the part of the root which has large layers of rounded parenchymatous cells. These cells contain starch grains. Intercellular spaces are present. It helps in storing substances. 

(c) Endodermis:- It is present in the inner cortex &  it contains cells having a parallel shapes and no intercellular spaces. Its radial walls restrict the apoplastic flow of water to the inside. 

(d) Stele:- Stele is the central part of the root or stem. It contains tissues that are derived from the procambium.

11. Describe the elements of the xylem with the help of a suitable diagram.

Ans: Xylem is a complex tissue and it is made up of different types of cells which are as follows:-

(a) Tracheids:- These are long tube-like structures. Perforation openings are absent. They are dead. Their function is to help in the conduction of water & minerals.

(b) Vessels:- They are narrow tube-like structures. They have annular & spiral thickening in the protoxylem. They are wide and have Spira & pitted thickening in the metaxylem. They are dead. They help in the conduction of food and water from the roots to the upper parts of the plant. 

(c) Xylem parenchyma: Xylem parenchyma are living cells. They are also known as wood parenchyma. Also, they help in the storage of food and in the transportation of substances. 

(d) Xylem Fibres:- Xylem fibers are long,  pointed, dead sclerenchymatous cells. They are also known as wood fibers. They provide support and strength to the plant.

12. Distinguish between dicot root & monocot root.

Ans: The difference between dicot root & monocot root:

Very Long Questions and Answers (5 Marks Questions)

1. Describe the internal structure of a monocot root with the help of a labeled diagram.

Ans: Monocot root shows the following tissues:-

(a) Epidermis:- It is the outermost layer of the root. Intercellular spaces stomata & cuticles are absent. It had unicellular root hairs.

(b) Cortex:- It is found beneath the epidermis. It consists of a number of layers of parenchymatous cells which have large intercellular spaces.

(c) Endodermis:- It is the central layer of the cortex. It contains cells that are closely packed. It regulates the uptake of water and minerals by the roots. 

(d) Pericycle:- It contains a single layer of thin walled parenchymatous cells.

(e) Vascular Bundle:- Vascular bundle is the strand of vessels present in the stem and leaves of a plant. It consists of both the xylem and phloem. Thus it helps in water and food transport in plants.

2. What is wood? What are its different types?

Ans:  A secondary xylem is called wood. It is obtained by the metabolism of the plant i.e. secondary growth by cambium. It contains the bulk of the plant body in the dicot stem & dicot root. Wood can be classified into the following categories.

(i) Hardwood:- Angiosperms produce hardwood. It consists mainly of xylem vessels and thus it is called porous wood.

(ii) Softwood:- Gymnosperm produces softwood. It consists mainly of xylem tracheids and thus it is called non-porous wood.

(iii) Heartwood:_ It is formed during secondary growth. It contains dead cells. The cells are dark in color as they contain extractives like gums, resins, tannins, etc.

(iv) Sapwood:_ It is formed during secondary growth and also it is a peripheral part of the plant. It contains living cells. The cells have light colors as the extractives are absent.

(v) Earlywood:- This wood formed during a favorable season. Vessels & tracheids formed are larger in dimensions.

(vi) Latewood:- This wood formed during unfavorable seasons. The vessels & tracheids obtained are smaller in dimensions.

Practice Questions for CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. Define permanent tissues.

2. Write three different types of meristematic tissue.

3. Which cell is responsible for curling the leaves in plants during water stress?

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Why are phloem and xylem considered as complex tissues?

2. Write the difference between guard cell and epidermal cell.

3. Define guard cells.

Long Answer Type Questions

1. Explain the secondary growth in roots with a diagram.

2. What are monocotyledonous plants?

3. What is the difference between dicot roots and monocot roots?

Extra Questions for Practice

1. What are bulliform cells?

2. What are guard cells and epidermal cells?

3. Explain Hutchinson’s system of classification?

4. Define Mesophyll.

5. Define Pith.

Benefits of Solving  CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 Important Questions

Following are some of the benefits of solving CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 Important Questions

• Practising important questions will give students an overall idea about the important topics of the chapter.

• Students can enhance their time management skills by solving important questions in a given time period.

• Solving various types of questions for this chapter will enhance their problem-solving skills.

• Students will be aware of the difficulty level of the questions, and the way questions can be framed in the exam

• Practising questions repeatedly will enhance their confidence level.

• Students will be able to handle any type of question in the exam, even the complex ones.

Conclusion

CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 important questions are the perfect study material for the students to get a strong hold on the important concepts. Practising the questions repeatedly will surely help students to confidently attempt questions in less time during exams. Apart from Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 important questions, Vedantu also provides Class 11 Chapter wise and Subject wise important questions. Explore the website to get the Class 11 Chapter  wise and Subject wise important questions.

Related Study Materials for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6

CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter-wise Important Questions

CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter-wise Important Questions and Answers cover topics from all other chapters, helping students prepare thoroughly by focusing on key topics for easier revision.

Additional Study Materials for Class 11 Biology

Conclusion

The Class 11 Biology Anatomy of Flowering Plants chapter is an essential chapter that introduces students to the internal structure of different plant organs, such as roots, stems, and leaves. It covers topics such as the different tissue systems that make up these organs, their functions, and adaptations. Students should pay close attention to this chapter and practice solving questions to gain a thorough understanding of the concepts. Vedantu provides comprehensive study materials, including notes, sample papers, and solutions to previous year question papers, to help students prepare for their exams. By mastering the concepts covered in this chapter, students can develop a deeper understanding of the complex structures and functions of flowering plants, which are essential for their survival and reproduction.