Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate Free PDF Download
Sodium phosphate refers to a group of chemical compounds. The phosphate atom holds three other atoms too. When it holds three hydrogens, it becomes phosphoric acid. Similarly, one hydrogen and two sodium give out disodium hydrogen phosphate, or three sodium can get you trisodium phosphate. When it holds two hydrogens and one sodium, you call it sodium dihydrogen phosphate. You can also call it monobasic sodium phosphate. It’s a chemical compound with a formula – NaH2PO4. It gets produced from the reaction of a little sodium hydroxide and phosphoric acid. In this article, you can get a whole lot of information about sodium dihydrogen phosphate.
What is Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate?
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, also known as monobasic sodium phosphate, is an inorganic compound. Monosodium phosphate is another name for the same. Its chemical formula is NaH2PO4. Also, it’s a glycerol derivative obtained by reacting mono and diglycerides, which get derived from edible sources with phosphorus pentoxide. Further, it gets followed by neutralization with sodium carbonate.
NaH2PO4 is a soluble form of phosphate which can get administered intravenously. Below is a structure of sodium dihydrogen phosphate.
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Uses of Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate
The following are some common uses of the sodium dihydrogen phosphate – NaH2PO4.
It has numerous applications in water treatment and food industry. It gets used as an emulsifier in products like processed cheese. It also helps as a thickening and leavening agent in baked goods. It controls the pH of the processed foods.
It gets added to various goods like toothpaste, evaporated milk, and animal feed. Here also it serves the purpose of a thickening agent and emulsifier. The compound gets commonly used as a sequestrant in a variety of foods.
It also has a major application in pharmaceuticals. They use sodium phosphate intravenously to serve as an electrolyte replenisher. It also serves as a laxative, whether orally or rectally. Upon oral consumption, it also works as a urinary acidifier and helps prevent kidney stones.
In medicine, it also gets used for constipation as well as preparing the bowel for clinical treatments. At some places, people use it to detect the availability of magnesium ions in salts.
Physical Properties of Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate
The chemical compound, NaH2PO4, appears in the form of white powder or crystals. It is odourless as well.
When it comes to the solubility of the compound, it’s soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. It has a melting point of 212.00 Celsius.
Its complexity is 61.9, and pH levels are 8.0 and 11.0. The molecular weight or molar mass of the compound is 119.98 g/mol.
Chemical Properties of Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate
The NaH2PO4 or sodium dihydrogen phosphate can react with a base such as sodium hydroxide. As a result, you get sodium hydrogen phosphate and water.
NaH2PO4 + NaOH → Na2HPO4 + H2O
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate reacts with acids such as hydrochloric acid; you get a phosphoric acid and sodium chloride as a result.
NaH2PO4 + HCI → H3PO4 + NaCl
What is Sodium Phosphate?
Sodium phosphate and polyethylene glycol have been analyzed in 94 grown-ups going through colonoscopy.
Polyethylene glycol caused huge decreases in serum potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, bicarbonate, and blood urea nitrogen, and expansions in sodium and phosphate.
The corresponding changes in the people who utilized sodium phosphate were more noteworthy. Specifically, in 37 of the patients who utilized sodium phosphate and 11 of the individuals who utilized polyethylene glycol, phosphate focuses expanded by more than 5%.
Patients who took polyethylene glycol revealed more unfavorable responses, including queasiness, retching, stomach spasms and distension, butt-centric bothering, restlessness, and chills.
These side effects were additionally found in the sodium phosphate bunch, however essentially now and again.
The creators prescribed that while sodium phosphate appeared to be more satisfactory to patients, it ought to just be utilized with clinical management and in the wake of screening cautiously for cardiovascular, hepatic, and renal infection, and ought not be utilized with prescriptions that would intensify electrolyte aggravations, like diuretics, or with drugs that electrolyte unsettling influences would influence, like digoxin and lithium.
In 340 patients going through elective colonoscopy, sodium phosphate was contrasted and polyethylene glycol with added ascorbic corrosive. Polyethylene glycol was basically just about as useful as sodium phosphate. Of all unfavorable occasions announced five were in the individuals who took polyethylene glycol and 24 in the people who took sodium phosphate. The most widely recognized in the previous was retching and in the last hyperphosphatemia and hypokalemia; two instances of hypokalemia were named not kidding.
Drug Studies
Observational Examinations
In 194 patients randomized to get either sodium Pico sulfate or armada phosphate soft drink before barium bowel purge, there was no distinction in the nature of gut readiness, yet Pico sulfate was simpler to take and better tasting furthermore it incited less sickness and regurgitating.
Near Investigations
Sodium phosphate and polyethylene glycol have been thought about in 94 grown-ups going through colonoscopy. Polyethylene glycol caused critical decreases in serum potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, bicarbonate, furthermore blood urea nitrogen, and expansions in sodium and phosphate. The corresponding changes in the people who utilized sodium phosphate were more noteworthy. Specifically, in 37 of the patients who utilized sodium phosphate and 11 of the people who utilized polyethylene glycol, phosphate focuses expanded by more than 5%. Patients who took polyethylene glycol detailed more antagonistic responses, including queasiness, retching, stomach issues and distension, butt-centric disturbance, restlessness, and chills. These manifestations were likewise found in the sodium phosphate bunch, however fundamentally now and again. The creators suggested that while sodium phosphate appeared to be more OK to patients, it ought to just be utilized with clinical oversight furthermore subsequent to screening cautiously for cardiovascular, hepatic, also renal infection, and ought not be utilized with meds that would worsen electrolyte unsettling influences, such as diuretics, or with drugs that electrolyte aggravations would influence, like digoxin and lithium.
In 340 patients going through elective colonoscopy, sodium phosphate was contrasted and polyethylene glycol with added ascorbic corrosive. Polyethylene glycol was at least as strong as sodium phosphate. Of all unfavorable occasions revealed five were in the people who took polyethylene glycol and 24 in the people who took sodium phosphate. The generally normal in the previous was heaving and in the last option hyperphosphatemia and hypokalemia; two instances of hypokalemia were named not kidding.
Deliberate Audits
Three sorts of entrails arrangements for colonoscopy
(Sodium phosphate, polyethylene glycol, and sodium Pico sulfate) have been analyzed in a meta-investigation of 29 preliminaries in a sum of 6459 patients. Sodium phosphate was the best at purifying the colon and was preferred endured over polyethylene glycol. Sodium picosulfate had comparable adequacy to polyethylene glycol. There were antagonistic occasions in 1054/1662 patients who took polyethylene glycol and 902/1590 who took sodium phosphate.
More patients created unsteadiness with sodium phosphate than polyethylene glycol, stomach torment was more normal with polyethylene glycol, and the two gatherings had comparative measures of queasiness, retching, and perianal torment. When polyethylene glycol was contrasted and sodium pico sulfate (104 and 112 patients individually) polyethylene glycol delivered more queasiness, spewing, stomach torment, rest aggravation, and perianal bothering than sodium
Pico sulfate; 71% of patients who took polyethylene glycol revealed unfriendly occasions contrasted and 48% of the individuals who took sodium picosulfate. In examinations of sodium phosphate and sodium picosulfate, there were comparative sums of sickness, spewing, discombobulation, and stomach torment.
Organs and Systems
Endocrine
A 39-year-elderly person with oncogenic osteomalacia brought about by an osteosarcoma of the right scapula created tertiary hyperparathyroidism in the wake of taking oral phosphate also nutrient D. The uniqueness of this case was the conjunction of hyperparathyroidism and oncogenic osteomalacia. All patients recently detailed as having created tertiary hyperparathyroidism with phosphate supplements had taken them for 10–14 years before finding, however this patient had taken it for just 2 years. The proposed instrument is that exogenous phosphate animates parathyroid movement through sequestration of calcium.
Electrolyte Balance
From 1987 to October 31, 2001 the Canadian Adverse
Drug Reaction Monitoring Program got 10 reports of genuine electrolyte aggravations (hypernatremia, and hypokalemia), just as hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, acidosis, parchedness, renal deficiency, and tetany in patients who had taken in excess of 45 ml of the arrangement, in patients in danger of these inconveniences, and additionally in patients involving various laxatives for inside readiness. Taking into account these reports, Johnson and Johnson,
Merck Consumer Pharmaceuticals, and Pharma science.
FAQs on Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate
1. What exactly is sodium dihydrogen phosphate?
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaH₂PO₄. It is a type of sodium salt of phosphoric acid. It is also commonly known by other names, including monosodium phosphate (MSP) and sodium biphosphate. It's widely used in various industrial and food applications.
2. How can sodium dihydrogen phosphate be considered both an acid and a salt at the same time?
This is due to its chemical nature. It's considered a salt because it is formed from the partial neutralization reaction between a strong base (like sodium hydroxide) and a weak acid (phosphoric acid). However, when dissolved in water, its dihydrogen phosphate ion (H₂PO₄⁻) can donate a proton (H⁺), which is the definition of an acid. This dual characteristic makes it an acid salt.
3. What are the main uses of sodium dihydrogen phosphate in everyday products?
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate is a versatile compound with several common applications. Its primary uses include:
- Food Additive: It acts as a thickening agent, an emulsifier to mix oil and water, and a pH regulator in processed foods like cheese and evaporated milk.
- Water Treatment: It is used to treat boiler water and prevent corrosion in pipes.
- Pharmaceuticals: It is an active ingredient in some laxatives and enemas.
- Baking Powder: It is used as a leavening acid in some baking powders, helping dough to rise.
4. Why does a solution of sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH₂PO₄) make water acidic?
When sodium dihydrogen phosphate dissolves in water, it splits into a sodium ion (Na⁺) and a dihydrogen phosphate ion (H₂PO₄⁻). The dihydrogen phosphate ion is key here; it can further dissociate to release a hydrogen ion (H⁺) and a hydrogen phosphate ion (HPO₄²⁻). This release of H⁺ ions into the solution increases the overall concentration of hydrogen ions, which lowers the pH and makes the solution acidic.
5. What is the difference between anhydrous, monohydrate, and dihydrate forms of sodium dihydrogen phosphate?
The difference lies in the amount of water molecules attached to the salt's crystal structure.
- Anhydrous (NaH₂PO₄): This form contains no water molecules. It is a white, powdered solid.
- Monohydrate (NaH₂PO₄·H₂O): This form has one water molecule associated with each formula unit of the salt.
- Dihydrate (NaH₂PO₄·2H₂O): This form has two water molecules incorporated into its crystal structure for each formula unit.
6. How does sodium dihydrogen phosphate help to buffer the pH of a solution?
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate is an excellent pH buffer because it contains the dihydrogen phosphate ion (H₂PO₄⁻), which is the conjugate acid of the hydrogen phosphate ion (HPO₄²⁻). This pair can resist changes in pH. If a strong acid is added, the HPO₄²⁻ can accept the extra protons. If a strong base is added, the H₂PO₄⁻ can donate a proton to neutralize the base, thus keeping the solution's pH relatively stable.
7. How is sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH₂PO₄) different from disodium phosphate (Na₂HPO₄)?
The main difference is in their chemical composition and resulting pH in water. Sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH₂PO₄) has one sodium atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to the phosphate group, and it forms an acidic solution. In contrast, disodium phosphate (Na₂HPO₄) has two sodium atoms and only one hydrogen atom, and it forms a slightly alkaline (basic) solution. This makes them suitable for different applications, especially when controlling pH is important.
