Describe radio wave propagation via ground wave.

Hint:As we know that, the wave which has high frequency can actually propagate through the atmosphere, from transmitter to receiver antenna. Use this concept to discuss how the ground wave transmitted to the receiver antenna from the transmitter. Also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of ground waves.

Complete step by step answer:
As we know that the radio wave propagation can be done by ground waves. To propagate radio wave frequency ground wave or surface wave uses the surface of the earth and ionosphere for transmissions of signals. Those signals whose frequency is low or medium they cannot propagate long distance. So they are mainly used for local radio coverage communication. The wave which has high frequency can actually propagate through the atmosphere, from transmitter to receiver antenna. This propagation is also called tropospheric propagation because these waves can propagate directly or after reflecting from the earth surface to the troposphere. These high frequency waves are also known as space waves.
Ground wave exists below the $2\;{\text{MHz}}$ frequency range. The intensity of these propagations drops with distance because the waves are mainly absorbed by the earth 's surface.

Advantages of ground wave-
-The waves are not affected by the condition of the atmosphere.
-They are vertically polarized to prevent the short circuit.

Disadvantages-
-If the polarization of the ground wave affected the short circuit may happen.
-High frequency waves cannot be transmitted due to the higher absorption of waves in earth surface.

Note:
Under the normal ionosphere conditions $40\;{\text{MHz}}$ is the highest frequency radio wave that can be transmitted. In order to get a large bandwidth of transmitted signals, television frequencies are normally higher than $40\;{\text{MHz}}$ and the television transmitter must be placed at a higher place.